java项目中用maven管理代码时，如果遇到大型工程，一般会拆分成不同的模块，比如spring-mvc中，通常会按model, view, controller建3个模块，然后根据一定的依赖关系进行引用。这个概念在Rust中是通用的，只不过maven换成了cargo，而模块变成了crate，看下面的例子。
一、目录结构
.
├── Cargo.toml
├── controller
│ ├── Cargo.toml
│ └── src
│ └── main.rs
├── model
│ ├── Cargo.toml
│ └── src
│ └── lib.rs
└── view
├── Cargo.toml
└── src
└── lib.rs
根目录下的Cargo.toml，类似maven中的父pom.xml，可以在其中声明子"模块"：(注：为了避免与rust中的mod"模块"产生混淆，后面还是用crate来称呼“子模块”)
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[workspace] members=[ "model", "view", "controller" ] |
这里声明了1个所谓的workspace，其中有3个成员，即3个目录对应的crate
二、子crata中的Cargo.toml声明
假设上面的工程结构中:
- model不依赖其它crate
- view依赖model
- controller依赖view及model
则这3个crate中的Cargo.toml文件，可以这样写：
model/Cargo.toml
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[package] name = "model" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html [dependencies] # 不依赖其它crate,此节点为空即可 |
view/Cargo.toml
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[package] name = "view" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html [dependencies] # 声明依赖model model = {path = "../model"} |
controll/Cargo.toml
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[package] name = "controller" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html [dependencies] model = {path = "../model"} view = {path = "../view"} |
三、代码引用
有了前面的各crate依赖声明，就可以来写代码了，参见下面的示例：
3.1 model/src/lib.rs
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#[derive(Debug)] pub struct User{ pub username:String, pub password:String } #[derive(Debug)] pub struct Order{ pub orderno:St |
假设在model中定义了2个结构体(即:OOP中的class)
3.2 view/src/lib.rs
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//使用model中的User类 use model::User; pub fn get_login_info(name:String,pass:String)->User{ User{ username:name, password:pass } } |
3.3 controller/src/main.rs
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use view::get_login_info; use model::{User,Order}; fn main() { let mut u = get_login_info(String::from("test"), String::from("123456")); u.password = String::from("abcde"); println!("{:?}", u);
let o = Order{ orderno:String::from("20211244123") }; println!("{:?}",o);
let u1 = User{ username:String::from("abcd"), password:String::from("*123*J") }; println!("{:?}",u1); } |
运行结果：
User { username: "test", password: "abcde" }
Order { orderno: "20211244123" }
User { username: "abcd", password: "*123*J" }
