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C#利用FileSystemWatcher实时监控文件的增加,修改,重命名和删除

2022-08-07 | 酷站 | 点击：次

好多时候，我们都需要知道某些目录下的文件什么时候被修改、删除过等，如果能用miniFilter驱动过滤来做的话当然是最好不过了，这是内核级别的，当然也比较复杂。如果只是简单的记录就没必要用驱动过滤级别的来做了，用FileSystemWatcher来做就要简单得多。

FileSystemWatcher组件可以监视文件系统，并在文件系统发生改变时作出反应。FileSystemWatcher 常用于文件系统变更的监控，当被监视的文件夹目录被创建、修改、重命名或删除时，会触发以下事件：

1.Created: 当新建文件或者文件夹

2.Changed:当文件或者文件夹已经完成修改

3.Renamed:当文件或者文件夹完成重命名

4.Deleted:当文件或者文件夹被删除

5.Error:当变更过程发生错误

下面我们一起来完成一个文件监控实例。

一、实例化FileSystemWatcher类，并注册监听事件

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//创建一个FileSystemWatcher，并设置其属性

          FileSystemWatcher fileSystemWatcher = new FileSystemWatcher();

          //设置监控的路径

          fileSystemWatcher.Path = “监控路径”;

          //是否监控指定路径中的子目录

          fileSystemWatcher.IncludeSubdirectories = true;

          //启用

          fileSystemWatcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;

 

          //注册监听事件，Created、Changed、Deleted三个事件传递的参数是一样的，我们就用同一个方法来处理就可以了

          fileSystemWatcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler);

          fileSystemWatcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler);

          fileSystemWatcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler);

          fileSystemWatcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_Renamed);

          fileSystemWatcher.Error += new ErrorEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_Error);

二、事件处理

FileSystemEventArgs 对象成员有：Name、OldName、ChangeType、FullPath、OldFullPath等，看名就明白是什么了，这里不做过多解释。

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//创建一个FileSystemWatcher，并设置其属性

           FileSystemWatcher fileSystemWatcher = new FileSystemWatcher();

           //设置监控的路径

           fileSystemWatcher.Path = “监控路径”;

           //是否监控指定路径中的子目录

           fileSystemWatcher.IncludeSubdirectories = true;

           //启用

           fileSystemWatcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;

 

           //Created、Changed、Deleted三个事件的处理方法

           private static void FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler(object sender, FileSystemEventArgs e)

           {

                       Invoke(new Action(new Action(() =>

                       {

                              Console.WriteLine(e.Name+e.FullPath);

                       })));

           }

           //重命名事件的处理方法

           private void FileSystemWatcher_Renamed(object sender, RenamedEventArgs e)

           {

                       Invoke(new Action(new Action(() =>

                       {

                              Console.WriteLine(e.OldName+e.Name+e.FullPath);

                       })));

           }

          //错误事件的处理方法

           private void FileSystemWatcher_Error(object sender, ErrorEventArgs e)

           {

                       Invoke(new Action(new Action(() =>

                       {

                              Console.WriteLine(e.ToString()));

                       })));

           }

这里需要注意一个问题：因为FileSystemWatcher类本身就是一个多线程的控件，在实例化一个FileSystemWatcher时就自动创建了一个线程，在事件处理的方法中需要使用委托的方式封送到主线程中处理。

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//声明传递文件Created、Changed、Deleted对象和委托，用于文件增加、删除、修改时更新UI界面

private delegate void setLogDelegate(FileSystemEventArgs e);

三、展示监控记录

监控的记录可以保存到文件和数据库中，这里就增加一个listView来展示就好了

代码：

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using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.IO;

using System.Linq;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using System.Windows.Forms;

  

namespace FileWatcher

{

    public partial class Form1 : Form

    {

        private delegate void renameDelegate(RenamedEventArgs e); //声明传递RenamedEventArgs对象和委托，用于文件Renamed时更新UI界面

        private delegate void setLogDelegate(FileSystemEventArgs e); //声明传递文件Created、Changed、Deleted对象和委托，用于文件增加、删除、修改时更新UI界面

        private FileSystemWatcher fileSystemWatcher = new FileSystemWatcher();

        private ColumnHeader chTime = new ColumnHeader();

        private ColumnHeader chEvent = new ColumnHeader();

        private ColumnHeader chFile = new ColumnHeader();

        private ColumnHeader chPath = new ColumnHeader();

       public Form1()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

            chTime.TextAlign = HorizontalAlignment.Center;

            chTime.Width = 130;

            chTime.Text = "时间";

            this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chTime);

            chEvent.TextAlign = HorizontalAlignment.Center;

            chEvent.Width = 80;

            chEvent.Text = "事件";

            this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chEvent);

            chFile.Width = 270;

            chFile.Text = "文件";

            this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chFile);

            chPath.Width = this.listViewInfo.Width - chTime.Width - chEvent.Width - chFile.Width - 21;

            chPath.Text = "位置";

            this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chPath);

            ColumnHeader chEnd = new ColumnHeader();

            chEnd.Width = 17;

            chEnd.Text = "";

            this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chEnd);

            this.listViewInfo.View = View.Details;

            this.listViewInfo.GridLines = true;

            fileSystemWatcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler);

            fileSystemWatcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler);

            fileSystemWatcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler);

            fileSystemWatcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_Renamed);

            fileSystemWatcher.Error += new ErrorEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_Error);

            fileSystemWatcher.IncludeSubdirectories = true;

            fileSystemWatcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;

        }

  

  

        #region 文件增加、删除、修改时被调用的处理方法

        private void FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler(object sender, FileSystemEventArgs e)

        {

            if (listViewInfo.InvokeRequired)   //判断是否跨线程

            {

                listViewInfo.Invoke(new setLogDelegate(SetLog), new object[] { e });//使用委托将方法封送到UI主线程处理

            }

        }

        private void SetLog(FileSystemEventArgs e)

        {

            string strLog = "";

            switch (e.ChangeType.ToString())

            {

                case "Created":

                    strLog = "文件创建";

                    break;

                case "Changed":

                    strLog = "文件修改";

                    break;

                case "Deleted":

                    strLog = "文件删除";

                    break;

                default:

                    strLog = e.ChangeType.ToString();

                    break;

            }

            ListViewItem lvi = new ListViewItem();

            lvi.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); 

            lvi.SubItems.Add(strLog); 

            lvi.SubItems.Add(e.Name); 

            lvi.SubItems.Add(e.FullPath.Replace(e.Name,"")); 

            listViewInfo.Items.Add(lvi);

        }

        #endregion

  

        #region 重命名方法

        private void FileSystemWatcher_Renamed(object sender, RenamedEventArgs e)

        {

            if (listViewInfo.InvokeRequired)

            {

                listViewInfo.Invoke(new renameDelegate(SetRenamedLog), new object[]{e});

            }

        }

        private void SetRenamedLog(RenamedEventArgs e)

        {

            //listViewInfo.Items.Add(string.Format("重命名：{0} 被换名为：{1}， {2}", e.OldName, e.Name, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));

            ListViewItem lvi = new ListViewItem();

            lvi.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

            lvi.SubItems.Add("文件重命名");

            lvi.SubItems.Add(e.OldName + "被换名为：" + e.Name);

            lvi.SubItems.Add(e.FullPath.Replace(e.Name, ""));

            listViewInfo.Items.Add(lvi);

        }

        #endregion

  

        #region  错误事件的方法

        private void FileSystemWatcher_Error(object sender, ErrorEventArgs e)

        {

            if (listViewInfo.InvokeRequired)   //判断是否跨线程

            {

                //使用委托处理

                Invoke(new Action(new Action(() =>

                {

                    listViewInfo.Items.Add(string.Format("文件出错：{0}， {1}", e.ToString(), DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));

                })));

            }

        }

        #endregion

  

    }

}
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xgh815/article/details/126193809
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