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SpringBoot嵌入式Servlet容器与定制化组件超详细介绍

2022-10-06 | 佚名 | 点击:

嵌入式Servlet容器

在Spring Boot中,默认支持的web容器有 Tomcat, Jetty, 和 Undertow

1、原理分析

那么这些web容器是怎么注入的呢?我们一起来分析一下

当SpringBoot应用启动发现当前是Web应用,它会创建一个web版的ioc容器ServletWebServerApplicationContext

这个类下面有一个createWebServer()方法,当执行关键代码ServletWebServerFactory factory = this.getWebServerFactory();时,它会在系统启动的时候寻找 ServletWebServerFactory(Servlet 的web服务器工厂—> 用于生产Servlet 的web服务器)

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private void createWebServer() {

    WebServer webServer = this.webServer;

    ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();

    if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {

        StartupStep createWebServer = this.getApplicationStartup().start("spring.boot.webserver.create");

        // 获取ServletWebFactory

        ServletWebServerFactory factory = this.getWebServerFactory();

        createWebServer.tag("factory", factory.getClass().toString());

        // 这里会去调用系统中获取到的web容器工厂类的getWebServer()方法

        this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(new ServletContextInitializer[]{this.getSelfInitializer()});

        createWebServer.end();

        this.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerGracefulShutdown", new WebServerGracefulShutdownLifecycle(this.webServer));

        this.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerStartStop", new WebServerStartStopLifecycle(this, this.webServer));

    } else if (servletContext != null) {

        try {

            this.getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);

        } catch (ServletException var5) {

            throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", var5);

        }

    }

    this.initPropertySources();

}

获取ServletWebFactory

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protected ServletWebServerFactory getWebServerFactory() {

    String[] beanNames = this.getBeanFactory().getBeanNamesForType(ServletWebServerFactory.class);

    if (beanNames.length == 0) {

        throw new MissingWebServerFactoryBeanException(this.getClass(), ServletWebServerFactory.class, WebApplicationType.SERVLET);

    } else if (beanNames.length > 1) {

        throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start ServletWebServerApplicationContext due to multiple ServletWebServerFactory beans : " + StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(beanNames));

    } else {

        return (ServletWebServerFactory)this.getBeanFactory().getBean(beanNames[0], ServletWebServerFactory.class);

    }

}

SpringBoot底层默认有很多的WebServer工厂:TomcatServletWebServerFactory,,JettyServletWebServerFactory和 UndertowServletWebServerFactory

那么究竟返回哪一个工厂呢?

我们需要分析一下底层的自动配置类,ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration

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@AutoConfiguration

@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483648)

@ConditionalOnClass({ServletRequest.class})

@ConditionalOnWebApplication(

    type = Type.SERVLET

)

@EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class})

@Import({ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class, EmbeddedTomcat.class, EmbeddedJetty.class, EmbeddedUndertow.class})

public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {

    public ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration() {

    }

    ...

它引入了一个配置类ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration,这个类里面会根据动态判断系统中到底导入了那个Web服务器的包,然后去创建对应的web容器工厂,spring-boot-starter-web这个依赖默认导入tomcat,所以我们系统会创建TomcatServletWebServerFactory,由这个工厂创建tomcat容器并启动

一旦我们获取到web Server的工厂类,createWebServer()方法就会去调用this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(new ServletContextInitializer[]{this.getSelfInitializer()});

根据断点一直深入,我们可以发现,Tomcat, Jetty, 和 Undertow的工厂类最后都会去调用getWebServer()方法,设置了链接参数,例如TomcatServletWebServerFactory的getWebServer()方法

在方法的最后,它会执行return this.getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);,跟着断点深入,我们发现它会去调用对应web容器类的构造方法,如TomcatWebServer的构造方法,启动tomcat容器

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public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart, Shutdown shutdown) {

    this.monitor = new Object();

    this.serviceConnectors = new HashMap();

    Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");

    this.tomcat = tomcat;

    this.autoStart = autoStart;

    this.gracefulShutdown = shutdown == Shutdown.GRACEFUL ? new GracefulShutdown(tomcat) : null;

    // 初始化方法initialize---会调用this.tomcat.start();启动容器

    this.initialize();

}

2、Servlet容器切换

Spring Boot默认使用的是tomcat容器,那如果我们想要使用Undertow应该如何切换呢

只需要修改pom文件即可,排除web启动器中tomcat相关的依赖

然后导入Undertow相关启动器

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<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

    <exclusions>

        <exclusion>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>

        </exclusion>

    </exclusions>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>

</dependency>

3、定制Servlet容器配置

如果想要自己定义一个Servlet容器,可以通过哪些途径呢?

代码样例如下

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package com.decade.config;

import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory;

import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration

public class MyConfig {

    @Bean

    public ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory defineWebServletFactory() {

        final TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();

        tomcatServletWebServerFactory.setPort(8081);

        return tomcatServletWebServerFactory;

    }

}

自定义一个ServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer类,它的下面有一个customize()方法,能把配置文件的值和ServletWebServerFactory 进行绑定

Spring官网提供的样例如下

Spring中有很多xxxxxCustomizer,它的作用是定制化器,可以改变xxxx的默认规则

定制化组件

结合之前的原理分析过程可知,我们分析一个组件的过程可以概括为:

导入对应启动器xxx-starter---->分析xxxAutoConfiguration---->导入xxx组件---->绑定xxxProperties配置类----->绑定配置项

那么如果我们要定制化组件,例如自定义参数解析器或者应用启动端口等,可以怎么做呢?

注意:@EnableWebMvc + 实现WebMvcConfigurer接口:配置类中定义的@Bean可以全面接管SpringMVC,所有规则全部自己重新配置

原理:

DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration类的作用是:只保证SpringMVC最基本的使用

WebMvcConfigurationSupport自动配置了一些非常底层的组件,例如RequestMappingHandlerMapping,这些组件依赖的其他组件都是从容器中获取的,例如ContentNegotiationManager等

由代码可知,WebMvcAutoConfiguration里面的配置要能生效必须系统中不存在WebMvcConfigurationSupport类,所以,一旦配置类上加了@EnableWebMvc,就会导致WebMvcAutoConfiguration没有生效

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/Decade0712/article/details/127025304
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