StoneDB 的主从切换既可以手动切换，也可以自动切换，自动切换通常需要使用第三方中间件。本文介绍的是较为常用的中间件 Replication Manager，当 master 发生宕机时，可自动切换至 slave，保证业务正常运行，故障节点恢复后再加入主从。
服务器配置说明
| IP |
Memory |
CPU |
OS version |
| 192.168.30.40 |
8G |
8C |
CentOS Linux release 7.9 |
| 192.168.30.41 |
8G |
8C |
CentOS Linux release 7.9 |
| 192.168.30.42 |
8G |
8C |
CentOS Linux release 7.9 |
| 192.168.30.46 |
16G |
16C |
CentOS Linux release 7.9 |
注：主从环境中的各个服务器的配置一般情况下建议是一致的，但由于 StoneDB 不管重放 binlog，还是用于 OLAP 场景的查询，都是较消耗系统资源的，建议 StoneDB 配置略高于 MySQL。
主从环境说明
| IP |
DATABASE |
ROLE |
DB version |
| 192.168.30.40 |
MySQL |
master |
MySQL 5.7 |
| 192.168.30.41 |
/ |
Replication Manager |
/ |
| 192.168.30.42 |
MySQL |
slave |
MySQL 5.7 |
| 192.168.30.46 |
StoneDB |
slave |
StoneDB 5.7 |
注：MySQL 与 StoneDB 的版本建议保持一致。
推荐采用一主两从的架构，其中 StoneDB 不参与主从切换：
1）master（192.168.30.40）使用 InnoDB 引擎，可读写，提供 OLTP 场景的读写业务；
2）slave1（192.168.30.42）使用 InnoDB 引擎，只读，同时作为 standby，当 master 发生宕机时，可切换至 slave1，保证业务正常运行；
3）slave2（192.168.30.46）使用 Tianmu 引擎，只读，提供 OLAP 场景的读业务。
1、操作系统环境检查
操作系统环境检查的步骤在四个节点均需要执行。
1.1 关闭防火墙
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# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
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1.2 关闭SELINUX
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# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX = disabled
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1.3 设置Swap分区
修改vm.swappiness的值为1，表示尽量不使用Swap。
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# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.swappiness = 1
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1.4 修改操作系统的限制
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# ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority (-e) 0
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 1031433
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 65535
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority (-r) 0
stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 1024
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited
修改操作系统的软硬限制
# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
mysql soft nproc 1028056
mysql hard nproc 1028056
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1.5 创建用户
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# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql mysql
# passwd mysql
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Replication Manager 节点无需创建，以上步骤执行完之后，重启操作系统。
2、部署MySQL
在 master 节点和 slave1 节点安装 MySQL。
2.1 下载安装包
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/从官网下载 MySQL 5.7 的安装包。
2.2 卸载mariadb
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# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
mariadb-server-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
# yum remove mariadb*
# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
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2.3 上传tar包并解压
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# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# cd /usr/local/
# mv mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
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2.4 创建目录
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# mkdir -p /mysql/data/
# mkdir -p /mysql/log
# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql/
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2.5 配置参数文件 my.cnf
master
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# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mysql/data
socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock
pid_file = /mysql/data/mysqld.pid
log_error = /mysql/log/mysqld.log
log_bin = /mysql/log/mybinlog
server_id = 40
character_set_server = utf8mb4
collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci
max_connections = 1000
binlog_format = row
default_storage_engine = innodb
read_only=0
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096000000
innodb_log_file_size = 1024000000
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_io_capacity = 4000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
#开启GTID模式
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
#并行复制
binlog_transaction_dependency_tracking = WRITESET
transaction_write_set_extraction = XXHASH64
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slave1
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# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mysql/data
socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock
pid_file = /mysql/data/mysqld.pid
log_error = /mysql/log/mysqld.log
log_bin = /mysql/log/mybinlog
server_id = 42
character_set_server = utf8mb4
collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci
max_connections = 1000
binlog_format = row
default_storage_engine = innodb
read_only=1
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096000000
innodb_log_file_size = 1024000000
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_io_capacity = 4000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
#开启GTID模式
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
#并行复制
slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave_parallel_workers = 4
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2.6 初始化实例
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/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
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2.7 启动实例
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/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &
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注：管理员用户的临时密码在 mysqld.log 中，第一次登陆后需要修改管理员用户的密码。
3、部署StoneDB
3.1 下载安装包
https://stonedb.io/zh/docs/download/从官网下载 StoneDB 5.7 的安装包。
3.2 上传tar包并解压
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# cd /
# tar -zxvf stonedb-ce-5.7-v1.0.0.el7.x86_64.tar.gz
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用户可根据安装规范将安装包上传至服务器，解压出来的目录是 stonedb57，示例中的安装路径是 /stonedb57。
3.3 检查依赖文件
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# cd /stonedb57/install/bin
# ldd mysqld
# ldd mysql
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如果检查返回有关键字"not found"，说明缺少文件，需要安装对应的依赖包。例如：
libsnappy.so.1 => not found
在 Ubuntu 上使用命令 "sudo apt search libsnappy" 检查，说明需要安装 libsnappy-dev。在 RedHat 或者 CentOS 上使用命令 "yum search all snappy" 检查，说明需要安装 snappy-devel、snappy。
3.4 创建目录
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mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/data
mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/binlog
mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/log
mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/tmp
mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/redolog
mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/undolog
chown -R mysql:mysql /stonedb57
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3.5 配置参数文件 my.cnf
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# vim /stonedb57/install/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /stonedb57/install/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = /stonedb57/install/
datadir = /stonedb57/install/data
socket = /stonedb57/install/tmp/mysql.sock
pid_file = /stonedb57/install/data/mysqld.pid
log_error = /stonedb57/install/log/mysqld.log
log_bin = /stonedb57/install/binlog/binlog
server_id = 46
character_set_server = utf8mb4
collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci
max_connections = 1000
binlog_format = row
default_storage_engine = tianmu
read_only=1
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048000000
innodb_log_file_size = 1024000000
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_io_capacity = 4000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /stonedb57/install/redolog/
innodb_undo_directory = /stonedb57/install/undolog/
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
innodb_undo_logs = 128
#开启GTID模式
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
#并行复制
slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave_parallel_workers = 8
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3.6 初始化实例
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/stonedb57/install/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/stonedb57/install/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
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3.7 启动实例
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/stonedb57/install/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/stonedb57/install/my.cnf --user=mysql &
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注：管理员用户的临时密码在 mysqld.log 中，第一次登陆后需要修改管理员用户的密码。
4、配置主从
4.1 创建复制用户
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create user 'repl'@'%' identified by 'mysql123';
grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%';
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4.2 备份主库
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/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -pmysql123 --single-transaction --set-gtid-purged=on -B aa > /tmp/aa.sql
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4.3 传输备份文件
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scp /tmp/aa.sql root@192.168.30.42:/tmp
scp /tmp/aa.sql root@192.168.30.43:/tmp
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注：如果数据较大，建议使用 mydumper.
4.4 slave1节点
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/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -pmysql123 -S /mysqldb/data/mysql.sock
source /tmp/aa.sql
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注：恢复前需要确保 gtid_executed 为空。
4.5 slave2节点
在恢复前，需要修改存储引擎，注释锁表语句。
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sed -i 's/UNLOCK TABLES/-- UNLOCK TABLES/g' /tmp/aa.sql
sed -i 's/LOCK TABLES `/-- LOCK TABLES `/g' /tmp/aa.sql
sed -i 's/ENGINE=InnoDB/ENGINE=tianmu/g' /tmp/aa.sql
/stonedb57/install/bin/mysql -uroot -pmysql123 -S /stonedb57/install/tmp/mysql.sock
source /tmp/aa.sql
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注：恢复前需要确保 gtid_executed 为空。
4.6 建立主从复制
slave1节点
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CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.30.40',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_USER='repl',
MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql123',
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1;
start slave;
show slave status\G
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slave2节点
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CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.30.40',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_USER='repl',
MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql123',
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1;
start slave;
show slave status\G
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5、配置Replication Manager
5.1 配置hosts文件
在所有节点都要配置
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# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.30.40 HAMI01
192.168.30.41 HAMI02
192.168.30.42 HAMI03
192.168.30.46 HAST05
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5.2 配置免密
在 Replication Manager 节点配置
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ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id HAMI01
ssh-copy-id HAMI03
ssh-copy-id HAST05
ssh HAMI01
ssh HAMI03
ssh HAST05
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注：若 ssh 免密登录表示免密配置成功。
5.3 配置yum源
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# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/signal18.repo
[signal18]
name=Signal18 repositories
baseurl=http://repo.signal18.io/centos/2.1/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
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5.4 安装Replication Manager
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# yum install -y replication-manager-osc
# rpm -qa|grep replication
replication-manager-osc-2.2.20-1.x86_64
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5.5 主库创建监控用户
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create user 'rep_monitor'@'%' identified by 'mysql123';
grant reload, process, super, replication slave, replication client, event ON *.* to 'rep_monitor'@'%';
grant select ON mysql.event to 'rep_monitor'@'%';
grant select ON mysql.user to 'rep_monitor'@'%';
grant select ON performance_schema.* to 'rep_monitor'@'%';
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5.6 配置config.toml
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# vim /etc/replication-manager/config.toml
# 集群名称
[StoneDB-HA]
# 主从节点
db-servers-hosts = "192.168.30.40:3306,192.168.30.42:3306,192.168.30.46:3306"
# 主节点
db-servers-prefered-master = "192.168.30.40:3306"
# 监控用户
db-servers-credential = "rep_monitor:mysql123"
db-servers-connect-timeout = 2
# 复制用户
replication-credential = "repl:mysql123"
# StoneDB不被用于切换
db-servers-ignored-hosts="192.168.30.46:3306"
##############
## FAILOVER ##
##############
# 故障自动切换
failover-mode = "automatic"
# 30s内再次发生故障不切换，防止硬件问题或网络问题
failover-time-limit=30
[Default]
#########
## LOG ##
#########
log-file = "/var/log/replication-manager.log"
log-heartbeat = false
log-syslog = false
monitoring-datadir = "/var/lib/replication-manager"
log-level=1
replication-multi-master = false
replication-multi-tier-slave = false
failover-readonly-state = true
http-server = true
http-bind-address = "0.0.0.0"
http-port = "10001"
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5.7 启动Replication Manager
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# systemctl start replication-manager
# netstat -lntp|grep replication
tcp6 0 0 :::10001 :::* LISTEN 13128/replication-m
tcp6 0 0 :::10005 :::* LISTEN 13128/replication-m
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5.8 WEB登录
http://192.168.30.41:10001默认用户名密码为 admin/repman
6、建议项
1）建议设置为 GTID 模式；
2）建议主从配置成半同步模式；
3）StoneDB 不参与主从切换。
