Java单元测试Mockito的使用介绍_F11 - 专业站长和开发者的学习网站

Mockito简介

调用mock对象的方法时，不会执行真实的方法，而是返回类型的默认值，如object返回null, int返回0等，否则通过指定when(方法).thenReturn(value)来指定方法的返回值。同时mock对象可以进行跟踪，使用verify方法看是否已经被调用过。而spy对象，默认会执行真实方法，返回值可以通过when.thenReturn进行覆盖。可见mock只要避开了执行一些方法，直接返回指定的值，方便做其他测试。

Service测试用例

需要的依赖

<dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>4.12</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
          <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
          <version>2.23.4</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
          <version>2.1.13.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>

代码示例

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest()
public class StudentServiceTest {
    @InjectMocks
    StudentService studentService = new StudentServiceImpl();
    @Mock
    StudentDAO     studentDAO;


    @Before
    public void before(){
        Mockito.doReturn(new StudentDO("张三", 18)).when(studentDAO).read(Mockito.anyString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testRead(){
        StudentDO read = studentService.read("");
        Assert.assertNotNull(read);
    }
}

Controller测试用例

需要的依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.14.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
            <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
            <version>2.4.0</version>
        </dependency>

代码示例

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest()
public class StudentControllerTest {
    @Resource
    MockMvc mockMvc;

    @InjectMocks
    StudentController studentController;
    @Mock
    StudentService    studentService;

    @Before
    public void before() {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(studentController).build();
        Mockito.doReturn(new StudentDO("张三", 18)).when(studentService).read(Mockito.anyString());
    }

    @Test
    public void testRead() throws Exception {
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/student/read/1");
        mockMvc.perform(request)
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("张三"));
    }

}