mysql主从搭建
环境：ubuntu20.04.1，mysql：8.0.22。
主：192.168.87.3
备：192.168.87.6
安装数据库
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sudo apt-get install mysql-server sudo apt-get install mysql-client sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev |
数据库配置
设置数据库密码
首次安装后，使用sudo mysql -uroot -p直接进入，更改root密码操作如下：
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use mysql； ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; |
主库设置
配置/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf如下：
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[mysqld]
user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 datadir = /var/lib/mysql
bind-address = 192.168.87.3 # 本机ip mysqlx-bind-address = 127.0.0.1
key_buffer_size = 16M
myisam-recover-options = BACKUP
max_connections = 1000
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
server-id = 1 log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log max_binlog_size = 100M binlog_do_db = test binlog_ignore_db = mysql binlog_format = row sync_binlog = 1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 |
更改完后重启数据库
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systemctl restart mysql.service |
创建同步账号
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CREATE USER 'sync'@'192.168.87.6' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'sync'; grant replication slave on *.* to 'sync'@'192.168.87.6'; |
192.168.87.6为从数据库的IP。
查看配置是否生效
创建数据快照
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mysqldump --all-databases --master-data > dbdump.db |
–master-data这个选项会自动加上CHANGE_MASTER_TO给从机来开始复制过程。在备份时使用–databases(备份特定的数据库)和–ignore-tables(排除备份特定的表) 选项，各个数据库和表名之间用空格隔开。
设置远程访问
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use mysql; update user set host='%' where user = 'root'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION; |
如果此时仍无法访问，查看防火墙是否关闭。关闭命令：
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sudo ufw disable |
或者开放3306端口号。
从数据库配置
配置/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf如下：
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[mysqld]
user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 datadir = /var/lib/mysql
bind-address = 192.168.87.6 mysqlx-bind-address = 127.0.0.1 key_buffer_size = 16M
myisam-recover-options = BACKUP
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
server-id = 2 log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log # binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 2592000 max_binlog_size = 100M binlog_do_db = test binlog_ignore_db = mysql |
同步数据
在主库上dump的文件scp到从库上，然后登录mysql并执行如下命令：
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set sql_log_bin=0; source /home/shitianming/Documents/dbdump.db |
配置slave
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CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.87.3', MASTER_USER='sync', MASTER_PASSWORD='sync', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=730; |
SHELL 复制 全屏
上述参数在主库的mysql客户端上运行show master status可看到。
进行测试
在主库的test数据库里添加数据，在从库上看到是否同步。
